2013 MMC Elimination for 4th Year Combinatorics Questions Solution
Below are the questions in Combinatorics taken from 2013 Metrobank-MTAP-Dep-Ed Math Challenge elimination round. This post is created to be guide dedicated students preparing for the nationwide Math Challenge. All 50 problems can be found here.
Question 8:
How many 5-digit even numbers can be formed out of the digits 2,4,5,8,and 9 (without repetition)?
Solution:
Consider the 5-digit number as blanks: _ _ _ _ _
The last digit must be even. Since we have three even numbers (2,4,8). The last digit can be filled in 3 ways. Since repetition is not allowed, we can fill out the rest blanks in ways,3 ways,2 ways, and 1 way.
1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 3 = 72 ways.
Question 24:
If a fair coin is tossed five times, find the probability that exactly 3 tosses show heads.
Solution:
This topic is under probability of repeated trials. Mathematicians often call it “Binomial” because this is an application of binomial theorem in probability.
Let H be the Head outcome of a coin
Let T be the Tail outcome of a coin
One way to arrange the given condition is the sequence: H1|H2|H3|T1|T2
But the following sequence also meets the condition: H2|H1|H3|T1|T2 or H2|H3|T1|T2|H1.
Counting all possible outcomes is the same technique used in counting the number of permutations in the word BOOK.
All possible outcomes can be calculated in 
Question 32:
A bookshelf has 8 history books and 10 cooking books. You will select 10 books ( 2 History books and 8 cooking books) to bring on a trip. How many choices are possible?
Solutions:
In the language of combinations, we can select 2 history books out of 8 in 8C2 = 28 ways. Likewise, we can select 8 cooking books out of 10 cooking books in 10C8 = 45 ways. By counting principle, there are 28×45=1260 possible choices.
Question 41:
The dial on a combination lock contains three wheels, each of which is labeled with a digit from 0 to 9. How many possible combinations does the lock have if digits may not be repeated?
Solution:
Let A,B,C stands for digit from 0-9 as a lock combination. A can filled in 10 ways (0-9). B can be filled in 9 ways, C can be filled in 8 ways. By counting principle, there are 10x9x8=720 to possible combinations of lock.
Question 46:
If four-number codes are form randomly from the digits 0 to 9, what is the probability that the two middle digits are the same?
Solution:
Consider the sequence A-B-B-C. There is no given condition that the digits can’t be repeated so we assume that we can repeat each digit. Each letter can represent 10 numbers (0-9). But 2 B’s is counted as one. Thus the total possible ways is 10x10x10=1,000.
The total number of possible combinations is 10x10x10x10=10,000. The probability that the two middle digits are the same is 1,000/10,000=1/10.
Dan
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